Amṛta-ṭīkā

samāsa-vākyaṁ vigrahaḥ

samāsa-vākyaṁ vigrahaḥ |
(Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 1684)

“An explanation of a compound is [called] a vigraha [i.e., isolation and analysis of the words (padas) in a compound that produces specific understanding of the meaning of the compound].”

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prādhānyena vyapadeśā bhavanti

prādhānyena vyapadeśā bhavanti |
(Unknown source; cited in the Sārārtha-darśinī-ṭīkā on Śrīmad Bhagavad-gītā)

“Statements occur on the basis of prominence [i.e., they can be based on a prominent aspect of what they describe and not necessarily on something that is literally true in every sense about their object].”

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dig-dṛṣṭi-dīdhiti-svarga-vajra-vāg-bāṇa-vāriṣu

dig-dṛṣṭi-dīdhiti-svarga-vajra-vāg-bāṇa-vāriṣu |
bhūmau paśau ca go-śabdo vidvadbhir daśasu smṛtaḥ ||
(Halāyudha; cited in the Amṛta-tīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 1581)

“The word go is considered by the wise in ten senses: (1) direction (diś), (2) eye [alt., sense] (dṛṣṭi), (3) ray of light (dīdhiti), (4) Svarga, (5) thunderbolt (vajra), (6) speech [alt., Sarasvatī Devī] (vāc), (7) arrow (bāṇa), (8) water (vāri), (9) earth [alt., place] (bhūmi), and (10) cow [alt., animal, or, living being] (paśu).”

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upamīyate yena tad upamānam, yat tūpamīyate tad upameyam

upamīyate yena tad upamānam, yat tūpamīyate tad upameyam |
(Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 1314)

“That with which comparing occurs [i.e., to which something is compared] is [called] the upamāna [i.e., the object of comparison], and that which is compared [to the upamāna] is [called] the upameya [i.e., the subject of comparison, e.g., in the phrase ‘lotus feet,’ the lotus is the upamāna and feet are the upameya].”

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antar-bhinna-padatve’py eka-nāmatvena yojanaṁ samāsaḥ

antar-bhinna-padatve’py eka-nāmatvena yojanaṁ samāsaḥ | sa ca paraspara-sambandhārthānāṁ sv-ādy-antānām |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 1273; Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 1682–3)

“Although possessed of separate words (padas) internally, a joining [of two or more words] into one nāma is [called] compounding (samāsa). It [i.e., compounding], furthermore, is [only] for those [padas (words)] the meaning of which have a relationship with one another and which [typically] end in the svādis [i.e., the suffixes (viṣṇubhaktis) su and so on, meaning, words that are already declined].”

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mata-bhede śiṣṭa-prayoga eva pramāṇam

mata-bhede śiṣṭa-prayoga eva pramāṇam |
(Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 955)

“In the case of a difference of opinion, the usage of the learned is the pramāṇa [i.e., the means of determining propriety].”

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prayoga eva pramāṇa-śiromaṇiḥ

prayoga eva pramāṇa-śiromaṇiḥ,
ataś ca tad-anusāri vyākaraṇam |
(Amṛta-tīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 1244)

“Usage is the crest jewel of pramāṇas [in grammar], and thus vyākaraṇa [i.e., grammatical correctness] follows that [i.e., is determined to reflect established usage].”

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sarvatrāvaśeṣe luptasya śakty-āropa

sarvatrāvaśeṣe luptasya śakty-āropa iti nyāyena samāsa-vigrahāṇāṁ lope sati tat-tac-chakteḥ samāsa evāvasthānāt tair api kārakāny uktāni syuḥ |
(Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 929)

“As per the maxim, ‘Attribution of the śakti [i.e., the force, the meaning] of that which has been deleted [by means of the rules for forming compounds when a compound is formed] is present all throughout the remainder [i.e. the whole compound itself],’ when deletion of the vigrahas [i.e., the resolved parts] of compounds occurs, the kārakas shall be expressed even by those [deleted parts] because of their respective śakti remaining in the compound itself [even after they are deleted].”

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śakti-graho vyākaraṇopamāna

śakti-graho vyākaraṇopamāna-
koṣāpta-vākyād vyavahārataś ca |
vākyasya śeṣād vivṛter vadanti
sānnidhyataḥ siddha-padasya vṛddhāḥ ||
(Unknown source; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 924)

“The learned say that comprehension of the force (śakti) [i.e., the meaning] of a declined word comes from grammar, comparison, dictionaries, the statement of a reliable person, common usage, the remainder [i.e., the word(s) implied but not stated] in a [elliptical] sentence, and commentaries.”

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