sambodhanam āmantraṇaṁ, tac ca nāmnā nāmina ābhimukhya-bhāvanam |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 925)
“Calling (sambodhana) means addressing, and that means drawing the attention of possessor of a name with that name.”
pra-parāpa-sam-anv-ava-nir-dur-abhi-
vy-adhi-sūd-ati-ni-prati-pary-apayaḥ |
upa āṅ iti viṁśatir eṣa sakhe
upasarga-vidhiḥ kathitaḥ kavinā ||
(Unknown source; cited in Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa-vṛtti: 406)
“The twenty—pra, parā, apa, sam, anu, ava, nir, dur, abhi, vi, adhi, su, ud, ati, ni, prati, pari, api, upa, and ā[ṅ]—[are the prādis]. O friend, this [i.e., this rule that the prādis are combined with dhātus and applied as a prefix (as per Hnv: 406)] is known by the wise as the rule of the upasarga.”
dvandvo dvigur api cāhaṁ mad-gehe nityam avyayībhāvaḥ |
tatpuruṣa karma dhāraya yenāhaṁ syāṁ bahuvrīhiḥ ||
(Udbhaṭa)
[A play upon the names of the six types of samāsa wherein a poor man begs a royal official:] “I am dual (dvandva) [i.e., I am married; alt., I am in a quarrel (with my wife)] and I possess [just] two cows (dvigu). There is always an absence of expenditure (avyayībhāva) in my home [i.e., as I am very poor and have no money to spend]. [Therefore,] O person of his (tatpuruṣa) [i.e., O honored assistant to the King], please grant (dhāraya) me [lit., cause me to hold] a result (karma) by which I may become rich (bahuvrīhi) [i.e., one in possession of much rice].”
sattā-vṛddhi-viśuddhi-siddhi-śayane sthānāsane bhāsane
lajjā-jīvana-rodane ca hadane nṛtye vilāse krudhi |
trāsa-syanda-nivāsa-śoṣa-maraṇa-spardhā-vihāreṣv api
jñāto dhātur akarmakaḥ kṣaya-madodvega-prakampeṣv api ||
(Unknown source; cited in the Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 397)
“A dhātu is known as akarmaka (intransitive) when it is in the sense of sattā (“existing”), vṛddhi (“increasing”), viśuddhi (“becoming pure”), siddhi (“becoming fulfilled”), śayana (“sleeping”), sthāna (“standing, remaining”), āsana (“sitting”), bhāsana (“shining”), lajjā (“being shy”), jīvana (“living”), rodana (“crying”), hadana (“evacuating”), nṛtya (“dancing”), vilāsa (“playing”), krudh (“being angry”), trāsa (“being afraid”), syanda (“flowing”), nivāsa (“residing”), śoṣa (“becoming dry”), maraṇa (“dying”), spardhā (“being envious, being competitive”), vihāra (“wandering”), kṣaya (“waning”), mada (“being delighted, becoming intoxicated”), udvega (“becoming agitated”), and prakampa (“trembling”) [as well as jāgaraṇa (“remaining awake”), dhāvana (“running”), hasana (“smiling, laughing”), janana (“being born”), and so on].”
yasmin yato yarhi yena ca yasya yasmād
yasmai yathā yad uta yas tv aparaḥ paro vā |
bhāvaḥ karoti vikaroti pṛthak svabhāvaḥ
sañcoditas tad akhilaṁ bhavataḥ svarūpam ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 7.9.20; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā to Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: Kāraka-prakaraṇa, Maṅgalācaraṇa)
“That in which, because of which, at which [time], by which, of which, from which, for which, with which [manner], and even which a latter or former entity of distinct nature [from you] who is impelled [by you] creates or transforms is all your nature.”
kṛṣṇa-līlā-kathā-bīja-rūpa-dhātu-gaṇo mayā |
saṅkṣepād vakṣyate tena kṛṣṇo mahyaṁ prasīdatu ||
(Jīva Gosvāmī’s Dhātu-pāṭha)
“Dhātus [i.e., verbal roots], the seeds of [all] discussion of Kṛṣṇa’s līlās, are listed by me in brief [here in this Dhātu-saṅgrahaḥ]. May Kṛṣṇa bestow grace upon me because of this.”
yaḥ kartā karma karaṇaṁ sampradānam aśeṣataḥ |
apādānādhikaraṇe tat-sambandho bhaved iha ||
(Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: Kāraka-prakaraṇa, Maṅgalācaraṇa)
[Translation based on the Amṛta-ṭīkā presenting the meaning related to grammar:] “Here [i.e., in this prakaraṇa] the relationship [with the kriyā (verb)] of the agent (kartā), object (karma), instrument (karaṇa), beneficiary (sampradānam), source (āpādāna), and substratum (adhikaraṇa) [i.e., of all six kārakas] shall be [presented] in full.”
[Translation based on the Amṛta-ṭīkā presenting the meaning related to Bhagavān:] “May a relationship with he who is the agent (kartā), object (karma), instrument (karaṇa), beneficiary (sampradānam), source (āpādāna), and substratum (adhikaraṇa) in all respects [i.e., by means of his various forms] be manifest here [i.e., in me].”
[Translation based on the Amṛta-ṭīkā presenting a second meaning related to Bhagavān:] “Here [i.e., in this world] let [only] a relationship with he who in all respects is the agent (kartā), object (karma), instrument (karaṇa), beneficiary (sampradānam), source (āpādāna), and substratum (adhikaraṇa) be manifest [to me].”
pravartante kriyāḥ sarvā yato’rvācīna-vastuṣu |
hares tasyaiva līlās tā nirūpyante yathā-mati ||
(Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: Ākhyāta-prakaraṇa, 1)
“Hari from whom all kriyās [i.e., actions and verbs, that is, words that refer to actions] proceed into the midst of modern-day objects [i.e., worldly objects]—those līlās of his alone are described [here in this section (prakaraṇa) about verbs by me] according to my understanding.”
ya ekaḥ sarva-rūpāṇāṁ sarva-nāmnāṁ tathāśrayaḥ |
tasya viṣṇoḥ padaṁ sarvaṁ viṣṇubhaktyā nirūpyate ||
(Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: Nāma-prakāraṇa, 1)
[General meaning:] “All the abodes of Viṣṇu, he who is the only shelter of all forms and all names, are perceived through Viṣṇu-bhakti.”
[Grammatical meaning:] “All padas [i.e., inflected words] are produced through [application of] a viṣṇubhakti [i.e., a suffix] and related to Viṣṇu, he who is the only shelter of all nāmas [i.e., of all nominal bases, or, of all pronouns] and all forms [i.e., of all the forms of inflected words].”
yad idaṁ sandhi-nirmāṇaṁ varṇānām ārabhe mudā |
tena me kṛṣṇa pādābje manaḥ-sandhir vidhīyatām ||
(Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: Sandhi-prakāraṇa, 1)
“By this formulation of [rules for] sandhi [i.e., combination] of phonemes which I begin with joy, O Kṛṣṇa, may my mind be brought into sandhi [i.e., connection] with your lotus feet.”
