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kaṣāyaḥ krodha-lobha-garvādi-saṁskāraḥ |
(Mādhurya-kādambinī: 4.2)

“Kaṣāya [i.e., astringency] means a saṁskāra [i.e., tendency] for anger, greed, pride, and so on [during kīrtana and so forth].”

apratipattiḥ kadācil laya-vikṣepayor abhāve kīrtanādy-asāmarthyam |
(Mādhurya-kādambinī: 4.2)

“Apratipatti [i.e., inaction] means inability at times to engage in kīrtana and so forth even in the absence of laya and vikṣepa.”

vikṣepas teṣu vyavahārika-vārtā-samparkaḥ |
(Mādhurya-kādambinī: 4.2)

“Vikṣepa [i.e., distraction] means involvement in worldly affairs during them [i.e., during kīrtana, śravaṇa, and so forth].”

layaḥ kīrtana-śravaṇa-smaraṇeṣu uttareṣv ādhikyena nidrodgamaḥ |
(Mādhurya-kādambinī: 4.2)

“Laya [i.e., mental slackening] means sleepiness increasing sequentially during kīrtana, śravaṇa, and smaraṇa.”

layādy-abhāva eva niṣṭhā-liṅgam |
(Mādhurya-kādambinī: 4.2)

“The absence of laya and so forth [vikṣepa, apratipatti, kaṣāya, and rasāsvāda] is the characteristic of niṣṭhā.”