शमो दमस्तपः शौचं सन्तोषः क्षान्तिरार्जवम् ।
ज्ञानं दयाच्युतात्मत्वं सत्यं च ब्रह्मलक्षणम् ॥
शौर्यं वीर्यं धृतिस्तेजस्त्यागश्चात्मजयः क्षमा ।
ब्रह्मण्यता प्रसादश्च सत्यं च क्षत्रलक्षणम् ॥
देवगुर्वच्युते भक्तिस्त्रिवर्गपरिपोषणम् ।
आस्तिक्यमुद्यमो नित्यं नैपुण्यं वैश्यलक्षणम् ॥
शूद्रस्य सन्नतिः शौचं सेवा स्वामिन्यमायया ।
अमन्त्रयज्ञो ह्यस्तेयं सत्यं गोविप्ररक्षणम् ॥
śamo damas tapaḥ śaucaṁ santoṣaḥ kṣāntir ārjavam |
jñānaṁ dayācyutātmatvaṁ satyaṁ ca brahma-lakṣaṇam ||
śauryaṁ vīryaṁ dhṛtis tejas tyāgaś cātma-jayaḥ kṣamā |
brahmaṇyatā prasādaś ca satyaṁ ca kṣatra-lakṣaṇam ||
deva-gurv-acyute bhaktis tri-varga-paripoṣaṇam |
āstikyam udyamo nityaṁ naipuṇyaṁ vaiśya-lakṣaṇam ||
śūdrasya san-natiḥ śaucaṁ sevā svāminy amāyayā |
amantra-yajño hy asteyaṁ satyaṁ go-vipra-rakṣaṇam ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 7.11.21–24)
“Equanimity, self-control, austerity, cleanliness, contentment, forbearance, straightforwardness, knowledge, compassion, being of mind upon Acyuta [i.e., devotion to Śrī Viṣṇu], and truthfulness are characteristics of a brāhmaṇa. Valor, influence, resolve, might, charitablility, control of the mind, tolerance, brahmaṇyatā [i.e., being supportive of brāhmaṇas], clarity [alt., kindness], and truthfulness are the characteristics of a kṣatriya. Bhakti to the devas, the guru, and Acyuta [i.e., Viṣṇu], fostering the tri-varga [i.e., dharma, artha, and kāma], faith (āstikya) [in the śāstra], continuous endeavor, and expertise are the characteristics of a vaiśya. [Offering] Obeisances to the sat, cleanliness, service to one’s master without deceit, [performing] sacrifice (yajña) without [uttering] mantras, non-thievery, truthfulness, and protection of cows and brāhmaṇas are the [characteristics] of a śūdra.”