naiṣā tarkeṇa matir āpaneyā
proktānyenaiva sujñānāya preṣṭha |
(Kaṭha Upaniṣad: 1.2.9)
“This understanding is not attainable
By means of argumentation.
Only [when] taught by another
Does it lead to apt knowledge,
O dearest one.”
śraddadhānaḥ śubhāṁ vidyām ādadītāvarād api |
antyād api paraṁ dharmaṁ strī-ratnaṁ duṣkulād api ||
viṣād apy amṛtaṁ grāhyaṁ bālād api subhāṣitam |
amitrād api sad-vṛttam amedhyād api kāñcanam ||
striyo ratnāny atho vidyā dharmaḥ śaucaṁ subhāṣitam |
vividhāni ca śīlpāni samādeyāni sarvataḥ ||
abrāhmaṇād adhyāyanam āpat-kāle vidhīyate |
anuvrajyā ca śuśrūṣā yāvad adhyāyanaṁ guroḥ ||
(Manu-smṛti: 2.238–241)
“One possessed of śraddhā may accept conducive knowledge [e.g., knowledge of logic, poetry, drama, medicine, etc.] even from an inferior [i.e., a member of a lower caste], other (para) dharma [i.e., knowledge of local laws and the like; alt., knowledge of the supreme (para) dharma, i.e., knowledge of the Self (Ātmā)] even from the lowest [i.e., someone who has no varṇa], and a wife or a jewel even from a low family. Nectar can be accepted even from poison, a fine statement even from a boy, good conduct even from a foe, and gold even from an impure substance. Wives, jewels, knowledge, dharma, uprightness, fine statements, and various arts can be accepted from everywhere. [A brāhmaṇa’s] Studying [the Veda] from a non-brāhmaṇa [i.e., a kṣatriya or vaiśya] is enjoined in a time of difficulty, as is following and serving the [non-brāhmaṇa] guru while studying.”
jāti-vidyā-mahatvaṁ ca rūpaṁ yauvanam eva ca |
yatnena parihartavyaḥ pañcaite bhakti-kaṇṭakāḥ ||
(Unknown source)
“Caste, learning, greatness, beauty, and youth are to be relinquished [i.e., one should not foster any conceit because of them]. These five are thorns for [i.e., on the path of] bhakti.”
puruṣasya ca saṁsthānaṁ svarūpaṁ vā parasya ca |
jñānaṁ ca naigamaṁ yat tad guru-śiṣya-prayojanam ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 3.7.38)
“[Please explain] The full existence of the puruṣa, the essential nature of the Supreme, and that knowledge related to the Nigamas which is the aim of the guru and disciple.”
ālasyāt mūrkha-saṁyogād bhayād roga-nipīḍanāt |
atyaśaktyāc ca mānāc ca ṣaḍbhir vidyā vinaśyati ||
(Māṇḍūkī-śikṣā: 180)
“Because of laziness, because of companionship with fools, because of fear, because of the pain of a disease, because of severe inability, and because of conceit—learning is ruined by these six.”
na hy ekasmād guror jñānaṁ susthiraṁ syāt supuṣkalam |
brahmaitad advitīyaṁ vai gīyate bahudha rṣibhiḥ ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 11.9.31)
“Indeed knowledge [received] from one guru shall not become sufficiently steady and sufficiently extensive. This nondual Brahman is sung of by seers in numerous ways.”
nāhaṁ manye suvedeti no na vedeti veda ca |
yo nas tad veda tad veda no na vedeti veda ca ||
(Kena Upaniṣad: 2.2)
“I do not think that I know well, nor do I not know [at all]. I also know [somewhat]. Who among us [thinks that he] knows that [viz., Brahman] does not know that, and one who [thinks that he] does not know [Brahman] knows.”
ahiṁsā prathamaṁ puṣpaṁ puṣpam indriya-nigrahaḥ |
sarva-bhūta-dayā puṣpaṁ kṣamā puṣpaṁ viśeṣataḥ ||
jñāna-puṣpaṁ tapaḥ puṣpaṁ dhyāna-puṣpaṁ tu saptamam |
satyam aṣṭa-vidhaṁ puṣpaṁ viṣṇoḥ prītikaraṁ bhavet ||
(Prapanna-parijāta: 5.28)
“First, the flower of (1) non-violence, [then] the flower of (2) control of the senses, the flower of (3) kindness [alt., compassion] to all beings, the flower of (4) forbearance [alt., forgiveness] in particular, the flower of (5) knowledge, the flower of (6) austerity, the flower of (7) meditation seventh, and (8) truthfulness—[these] flowers of eight types shall be pleasing to Viṣṇu.”
yaśaḥ-śriyām eva pariśramaḥ paro
varṇāśramācāra-tapaḥ-śrutādiṣu |
avismṛtiḥ śrīdhara-pāda-padmayor
guṇānuvāda-śravaṇādarādibhiḥ ||
avismṛtiḥ kṛṣṇa-padāravindayoḥ
kṣiṇoty abhadrāṇi ca śaṁ tanoti |
sattvasya śuddhiṁ paramātma-bhaktiṁ
jñānaṁ ca vijñāna-virāga-yuktam ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 12.12.54–55)
“Great endeavor in regard to the conduct of the varṇas and āśramas, austerity, learning, and so on is only for [worldly] wealth and fame. By hearing, honoring, and so forth narrations of [his] qualities, [however,] non-forgetfulness of Śrīdhara’s lotus feet comes about. Non-forgetfulness of Kṛṣṇa’s lotus feet dispels inauspiciousness and produces equanimity, purity of mind, bhakti to the Supreme Self, and knowledge accompanied by realization and non-attachment.”
tatra saṁsāra-cakrasya mokṣo jñānena dṛśyate |
ādhyātma-tattva-vijñānaṁ jñānam ity abhidhīyate ||
(Mahābhārata: 13.243.22)
“In that regard, mokṣa is observed [to occur] through knowledge of the wheel of saṁsāra. Refined knowledge of the nature of the higher self is known as ‘knowledge’ (jñānam).”
