tattvam ātmastham ajñātvā mūḍhaḥ śāstreṣu muhyati |
gopaḥ kakṣa-gate chāge kūpe paśyati durmatiḥ ||
(Garuḍa Purāṇa)
“Unaware of the truth situated in the ātmā, the fool becomes bewildered in the śāstras just like a foolish cowherd who looks in a well for a goat [which he is unaware is] in his arms.”
vidvān apītthaṁ danujāḥ kuṭumbaṁ
puṣṇan sva-lokāya na kalpate vai
yaḥ svīya-pārakya-vibhinna-bhāvas
tamaḥ prapadyeta yathā vimūḍhaḥ
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 7.6.16)
[Prahlāda Mahārāja:] “O sons of Danu, although learned [in śāstra], one who bears the disposition of distinction between one’s own and others’, by maintaining his family in this way, is not at all able to look at himself [i.e., to deliberate upon the ātmā] and like a complete fool proceeds into darkness.”
mūrkho dehādy-ahaṁ-buddhiḥ |
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 11.19.42)
[Kṛṣṇa to Uddhava:] “A fool is one whose sense of ‘I’ is fixed in the body and so forth [and whose sense of “mine” is so also fixed in the bodily].”
uṣṭrāṇāṁ ca vivāheṣu gītaṁ gāyanti gardabhāḥ |
parasparaṁ praśaṁsanti aho rūpam aho dhvaniḥ ||
(Mahāsubhāṣita-saṅgraha)
“At the marriages of camels, donkeys sing songs, and they each praise one another, ‘What beauty! What tune! [i.e., the donkeys praise the “beauty” of the camels’ figures, and the camels praise the “tunes” in which the donkeys sing].’”
yo hi bhāgavataṁ lokam upahāsaṁ nṛpottama |
karoti tasya naśyanti artha-dharma-yaśaḥ-sutā ||
nindāṁ kurvanti ye mūḍhā vaiṣṇavānāṁ mahātmanām |
patanti pitṛbhiḥ sārdhaṁ mahā-raurava-saṁjñite ||
(Skanda Purāṇa; cited in Hari-bhakti-vilāsa 10.310–311)
“O best of kings, the wealth, dharma, glory, and children of one who laughs at a person devoted to Bhagavān are destroyed. Fools who engage in defamation of great Vaiṣṇavas fall into the place known as Mahāraurava along with their forefathers.”
anartham arthataḥ paśyann arthaṁ caivāpy anarthataḥ |
indriyaiḥ prasṛto bālaḥ suduḥkhaṁ manyate sukham ||
(Mahābhārata: 5.34.59; Vidura-nīti: 213; cited in Mahāsubhāṣita-saṅgraha)
“Seeing anartha within artha and artha within anartha [i.e., seeing nonsense within sense and even sense within nonsense, misfortune within fortune and even fortune within misfortune, evil within good and even good within evil, etc.], the fool, pulled by the senses, considers great suffering to be happiness.”
