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  • kartā svatantra ity ukto hetu-kartā prayojakaḥ |
    prayojakādhīna-kartā prayojya iti sa tridhā ||
    (Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa-vṛtti: 930)

    “A kartā (agent) is called the svatantra (the independent agent), a hetu-kartā (causative agent) the prayojaka (the engaging agent)m and a prayojakādhīna-kartā (an agent under the control of a prayojaka) the prayojya (an engaged agent). Thus he [i.e., a kartā (agent)] is of three types [i.e., an agent can be (1) an independent agent who both causes and performs an action, (2) an engaging agent who causes an action to be performed but does not perform it personally, and (3) an engaged agent who does not cause the action to be performed but performs it under the control of an engaging agent].”

    Read on →: kartā svatantra ity ukto hetu-kartā prayojakaḥ

  • pūrva-parayoḥ sahaivādeśo nipātaḥ |
    (Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 257)

    “The simultaneous replacement of the former [i.e., the prakṛti] and the later [i.e., the pratyaya] is [called] a nipāta.”

    Read on →: pūrva-parayoḥ sahaivādeśo nipātaḥ

  • kṛtasyāsmaraṇe kartur atyantāpahnave’pi ca |
    darśanāder abhāve ca tridhā vidyāt parokṣatā ||
    (Unknown source; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa-vṛtti: 1062)

    “Know the state of parokṣa to be of three types: (1) when the agent (kartā) has no remembrance of an action; (2) when the agent completely denies the action; and (3) when the agent had no vision and so forth [i.e., perception] of the action.”

    Read on →: kṛtasyāsmaraṇe kartur atyantāpahnave’pi ca

  • bhinna-pravṛtti-nimittasya śabdasyaikasminn arthe vṛttiḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyam |
    (Kaśikā-vṛttiḥ on Aṣṭadhyāyī 2.1.49)

    “Use of a word which has a different cause of usage [than the word already in use] for [i.e., to describe] one object is [called] common locusness [alt., co-ordinate predication] (sāmānyādhikaraṇyam).”

    Read on →: bhinna-pravṛtti-nimittānāṁ śabdānām ekasminn arthe vṛttiḥ sāmānādhikaraṇyam

  • dhātu-sūtra-gaṇoṇādi-vākya-liṅgānuśāsanam |
    āgama-pratyayādeśā upadeśāḥ prakīrtitāḥ ||
    (Unkown source; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 2.5)

    “Dhātus, sūtras, gaṇas [i.e., groups of words that follow the same rules], uṇādi-sūtras, vākyas [i.e., Kātyāyana’s vārttikas], Liṅgānuśāsana [i.e., a work dealing with the rules of gender attributed to Pāṇini], āgamas, pratyayas, and ādeśas are called upadeśas.” 

    Read on →: dhātu-sūtra-gaṇoṇādi-vākya-liṅgānuśāsanam

  • svaṁ jñāpayad aparam api jñāpayati yat tad upalakṣaṇam |
    (Unknown source; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 187)

    “That which can convey itself and conveys something else is [called] an upalakṣaṇa.”

    Read on →: svaṁ jñāpayad aparam api jñāpayati yat tad upalakṣaṇam

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