Dhyāna

te vai vidanty atitaranti ca deva-māyāṁ

te vai vidanty atitaranti ca deva-māyāṁ
strī-śūdra-hūṇa-śabarā api pāpa-jīvāḥ |
yady adbhuta-krama-parāyaṇa-śīla-śikṣās
tiryag-janā api kim u śruta-dhāraṇā ye ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 2.7.46)

“Even women, śūdras, Hūṇas, and Śabaras, as well as sinful living beings and even slanting creatures [i.e., animals] certainly understand Deva’s [i.e., Bhagavān’s] māyā and cross beyond [it] if they have [received] instruction about the character of those devoted to he of astonishing stride [i.e., Bhagavān], and so all the more [do] those who sustain steadiness upon what they have heard.”

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dṛṣṭaṁ śrutam asad buddhvā nānudhyāyen na saṁviśet

dṛṣṭaṁ śrutam asad buddhvā nānudhyāyen na saṁviśet |
saṁsṛtiṁ cātma-nāśaṁ ca tatra vidvān sa ātma-dṛk ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 9.19.20)

“Having understood the seen and the heard to be asat, one who shall not meditate repeatedly [on] and shall not enjoy [them], knowing that saṁsāra and loss of the self ensue from them, is a seer of the Ātmā.”

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guṇeṣv āviśate ceto guṇāś cetasi ca prajāḥ

guṇeṣv āviśate ceto guṇāś cetasi ca prajāḥ |
jīvasya deha ubhayaṁ guṇāś ceto mad-ātmanaḥ ||
guṇeṣu cāviśac cittam abhīkṣṇaṁ guṇa-sevayā |
guṇāś ca citta-prabhavā mad-rūpa ubhayaṁ tyajet ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 11.13.25–26)

“[Haṁsa Bhagavān to Sanaka and other sages:] O sons! The mind becomes absorbed in the guṇas [i.e., the sense objects], and the guṇas [become absorbed] in the mind. Both the guṇas and the mind are bodies of [i.e., external adjuncts to] the jīva, who is constituted of me. The mind remains absorbed in the guṇas because of constant attendance to the guṇas, and the guṇas likewise remain strongly apparent in the mind. One who is absorbed in my form can abandon them both.”

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atrāgny-ādau tad-antaryāmi-rūpasyaiva cintanaṁ kāryam

atrāgny-ādau tad-antaryāmi-rūpasyaiva cintanaṁ kāryam, na jātu nija-prema-sevā-viśeṣāśraya-svābhīṣṭa-rūpa-viśeṣasya | sa tu sarvathā parama-sukumāratvādi-buddhi-janitayā prītyaiva sevanīyaḥ | … teṣāṁ yathā-bhakti-rītyā parameśvarasyāpi tathā-bhāvaḥ śrūyate | yathā nāradīye—bhakti-grāhyo hṛṣīkeśo na dhanair dharaṇī-surāḥ | bhaktyā saṁpūjito viṣṇuḥ pradadāti manoratham || jalenāpi jagannāthaḥ pūjitaḥ kleśahā hariḥ | paritoṣaṁ vrajaty āśu tṛṣārtaḥ sujalair yathā || iti | … paricaryā-vidhau tad-deśa-kāla-sukhadāni śataśo vihitāni | tad-viparītāni niṣiddhāni ca | … ata evoktaṁ—‘yad yad iṣṭatamaṁ loke’ … | tatra tatreṣṭa-mantra-dhyāna-sthalaṁ ca sarva-rtu-sukhamaya-manohara-rūpa-rasa-gandha-sparśa-śabda-mayatvenaiva dhyātuṁ vihitam asti | anyathā tat-tad-āgrahasya vaiyarthyaṁ syāt | tasmād agny-ādau tat-tad-antaryāmi-rūpa eva bhāvya iti sthitam |
(Bhakti Sandarbha: 295)

“Now [in regard to worship of Bhagavān], in [locations such as] fire and so forth, thought only of his form as the Inner Regulator (Antaryāmī) is to be performed, and never of one’s own specific cherished form [of Bhagavān, i.e., one’s Iṣṭa-devatā], who is the recipient of one’s own specific loving service (prema-sevā). He [i.e., one’s Iṣṭa-devatā], rather, is always to be served with love (prīti) manifest from the sense of [his] being supremely tender and so forth. … Even the Supreme Lord’s being just as is the manner of their [i.e., bhaktas’] bhakti [i.e., even Bhagavān’s appearing to his bhaktas in a form and manner perfectly suited to reciprocate exactly the bhāva and service his bhaktas offer him] is heard of, as in Nāradīya Purāṇa [2.3.3–4]: ‘O suras of the earth [i.e., O brāhmaṇas]! Hṛṣīkeśa is attainable by bhakti, and not by wealth. Viṣṇu, [upon being] fully worshiped with bhakti, grants one’s desire. Hari, the Lord of the universe and destroyer of distress, [upon being] worshiped even with water, quickly becomes fully satisfied just as a person afflicted with thirst does by [receiving] pure water.’ … In rendering attendance [to Śrī Bhagavān], hundreds of pleasing arrangements in accord with the time and place are enjoined, and their opposites are forbidden [i.e., all offerings of service to Śrī Bhagavān should be in accord with the time and place so as to be pleasing to him, and offerings that are contrary to what is pleasing in a given time and place are forbidden]. … Therefore, it is said [by Bhagavān Śrī Kṛṣṇa in SB 11.11.41], ‘Whatever is most desired in the world and whatever is most dear to oneself—offer that to me. This leads to the infinite.’ … In each case, it is enjoined to meditate on the place of meditation related to the mantra of one’s cherished object [i.e., as one meditates on one’s Iṣṭa-devatā and one’s mantra related to him, the environment in which one’s Iṣṭa-devatā is situated is to be meditated on] as being filled with forms, tastes, fragrances, textures, and sounds that are charming and pleasing in all seasons. Otherwise, futility of the insistence on such particulars [i.e., of the śāstra’s injunctions to meditate on one’s Iṣṭa-devatā situated in his abode being served in a pleasing manner] would occur. Therefore, it is established that in fire and elsewhere only the appropriate form of the Inner Regulator (Antaryāmī) is to be meditated [and not the form of one’s Iṣṭa-devatā].”

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atha mukhyaṁ dhyānaṁ śrī-bhagavad-dhāma-gatam eva

atha mukhyaṁ dhyānaṁ śrī-bhagavad-dhāma-gatam eva, hṛdaya-kamala-gataṁ tu yogi-matam, smared vṛndāvane ramye ity-ādy-uktatvāt | ata eva mānasa-pūjā ca tatraiva cintanīyā | … śrī-kṛṣṇādīnāṁ tu mathurādi-kṣetraṁ mahādhiṣṭhānam, ‘mathurā bhagavān yatra nityaṁ sannihito hariḥ’ ity-ādy-ukteḥ | tathā tat-tan-mantra-dhyeya-vaibhavatvena mathurā-vṛndāvanādīnāṁ śrī-gopāla-tāpany-ādau prakhyātatvāt | mathurādi-kṣetrāṇy evānyatrādhiṣṭhāne dhyānena prakāśya teṣu bhagavāṁś cintyate |
(Bhakti Sandarbha: 286)

“Now, [for bhaktas] the primary [meditation] is situated in Śrī Bhagavān’s dhāma alone [i.e., Śrī Bhagavān is to be meditated upon only as situated in his own abode], whereas it is considered by yogīs to be situated in the lotus in the heart [i.e., yogīs, unlike bhaktas, meditate on Bhagavān situated in their own hearts rather than in his own abode], since it is stated [in Śāradā-tilaka], ‘Remember [Govinda] in joyful Vṛndāvana,’ and so on. Therefore, worship in the mind (mānasa-pūjā) is to be conceived there alone [i.e., when worship is performed in the mind, Bhagavān should be conceived of as situated in his own abode, e.g., Vṛndāvana, and not in the heart, in the sun, or elsewhere, as yogīs may conceive of him]. … The domains of Mathurā and so forth, however, are grand existential seats (mahādhiṣṭhānas) of Śrī Kṛṣṇa and so on, on account of statements such as [SB 1.10.28], ‘Mathurā, where Bhagavān Hari is eternally present,’ and because of Mathurā, Vṛndāvana, and so forth’s being made known in Śrī Gopāla Tāpanī and elsewhere to be the magnificence (vaibhava) of the object of meditation (dhyeya) in various mantras [i.e., to be aspects of Bhagavān’s own personal greatness]. The domains of Mathurā and so forth are to be manifested through meditation in existential seats elsewhere, and Bhagavān is to be conceived in them [i.e., if an object of worship, such as a Deity, is present in a location other than the district of Mathurā or another abode of Śrī Bhagavān, then a worshiper of that object of worship should situate that object of worship in the appropriate abode, e.g., Vṛndāvana, through meditation and then perform worship with the object of worship conceived to be situated there].”

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na yasya cittaṁ bahir-artha-vibhramaṁ

na yasya cittaṁ bahir-artha-vibhramaṁ
tamo-guhāyāṁ ca viśuddham āviśat |
yad-bhakti-yogānugṛhītam añjasā
munir vicaṣṭe nanu tatra te gatim ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 4.24.59; cited in Prīti Sandarbha: 7)

“A sage whose heart, pure by virtue of being favored by bhakti-yoga, is not agitated by external objects and does not enter the cave of darkness, rightly and certainly sees your state therein.”

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tatrāprakaṭā dvividhā—mantropāsanāmayī svārasikī ca

tatrāprakaṭā dvividhā—mantropāsanāmayī svārasikī ca | prathamā yathā tat-tad-ekatara-sthānādi-niyata-sthitikā tat-tan-mantra-dhyāna-mayī | … nānā-sthānānusāraṇa-rūpatvād eka-sthāna-niṣṭhāyā mantropāsanāmayyā bhidyate’sau | yathāvasara-vividha-svecchāmayī svārasikī | … nānā-līlā-pravāha-rūpatayā svārasikī gaṅgeva | ekaika-līlātmatayā mantropāsanāmayī tu labdha-tat-sambhava-hrada-śreṇir iva jñeyā | kiṁ ca, mantropāsanāmayyām api vraja-rājādi-sambandhaḥ śrūyate, kim uta svārasikyām iti na kutrāpi tad-rahitatā kalpanīyā | … govindaḥ śrī-vṛndāvana-deva eva … keśavo’pi śrī-mathurā-nātha eva, tau hi vṛndāvana-mathurā-prasiddha-mahā-yoga-pīṭhayos … prāpañcika-loka-dṛṣṭyāṁ śrīmat-pratimākāreṇābhātaḥ, svajana-dṛṣṭyāṁ sākṣād-rūpeṇa ca |
(Kṛṣṇa Sandarbha: 153)

“Therein, the aprakaṭa [-līlā] is of two types: mantropāsanāmayī and svārasikī. The first [is aprakaṭa-līlā that] is a fixed state amid one of various places and so forth and constituted of a correlated mantra and meditation. … This [i.e., svārasikī-līlā] is distinguished from mantropāsanāmayī, which is fixed at one place, because [its, i.e., svārasikī-līlā’s] being a form of movement amidst various places. Svārasikī is constituted of [Bhagavān’s] various personal wishes [manifesting successively in the flow of time within aprakaṭa-līlā] in accord with circumstances [that arise in various places at various times]. Svārasikī is like the Gaṅgā on account of being of the nature of a [continuous] flow of various līlās. Mantropāsanāmayī, on the contrary, on account of being constituted of one singular līlā, is to be understood to be like a multitude of perceived lagoons produced from that [i.e., from the flow of svārasikī-līlā]. Furthermore, [Bhagavān’s] relation with the king of Vraja and so forth is heard of even in mantropāsanāmayī, and so all the more in svārasikī. Thus, it [i.e., Bhagavān’s līlā, of both the mantropāsanāmayī and svārasikī varieties] are never to be conceived devoid of that [i.e., devoid of him having the relationships that he does with all his various associates in the various abodes of his līlās]. … Govinda, the Lord of Śrī Vṛndāvana … and Keśava, the Lord of Śrī Mathurā—at the well-known mahāyogapīṭhas in Vṛndāvana and Mathurā [respectively] these two … shine in the form of splendid deities in the vision of worldly people and in their direct forms in the vision of their own persons [i.e., bhaktas].”

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mānasādi-pūjāyāṁ bhūta-pūrva-tat-parikara-līlā-saṁvalitatvam api na kalpanā-mayaṁ

mānasādi-pūjāyāṁ bhūta-pūrva-tat-parikara-līlā-saṁvalitatvam api na kalpanā-mayaṁ, kintu yathārtham eva | yatas tasya prākaṭya-samaye līlās tat-parikarāś ca ye prādurbabhūvuḥ, te tādṛśāś cāprakaṭam api nityaṁ tadīye dhāmni saṅkhyātītā eva vartante |
(Bhakti Sandarbha: 286)

“In worship [performed] in the mind and elsewhere, although the content of the meditation is possessed of līlās and associates of his [i.e., Bhagavān’s] that were existent in the past, it is not [merely] imaginary but rather real since his associates and the līlās that appeared at the time of his manifestation (prākaṭya) [which one meditates upon] exist eternally beyond enumeration even unmanifestly as such [i.e., in an equally real form] in his abode [as well].”

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śrī-gautamīya-tantrādau tad-dhyānaṁ prathitaṁ param

śrī-gautamīya-tantrādau tad-dhyānaṁ prathitaṁ param |
agrato’trāpi saṁlekhyaṁ yad iṣṭaṁ tatra tad bhajet ||
(Hari-bhakti-vilāsa: 3.115)

“Meditation on him is also presented in Śrī Gautamīya Tantra and other works and compiled here [in Hari-bhakti-vilāsa] as well ahead [in 5.168–216]. One should perform that [meditation] which is cherished [by oneself] there [among those cited].”

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smared vṛndāvane ramye mohayantam anāratam

smared vṛndāvane ramye mohayantam anāratam |
govindaṁ puṇḍarīkākṣaṁ gopa-kanyāḥ sahasraśaḥ ||
ātmano vadanāmbhoja-preritākṣi-madhu-vratāḥ |
kāma-bāṇena vivaśāś ciram āśleṣaṇotsukāḥ ||
muktāhāra-lasat-pīnottuṅga-stana-bharānatāḥ |
srasta-dhammilla-vasanā mada-skhalita-bhāṣaṇāḥ ||
danta-paṅkti-prabhodbhāsi-spandamānādharāñcitāḥ |
vilobhayantīr vividhair vibhramair bhāva-garbhitaiḥ ||
(Śāradā-tilaka, following the Mṛtuñjaya-saṁhitā; cited in Hari-bhakti-vilāsa: 3.110–113, Bhakti Sandarbha: 286)

“Remember in joyful Vṛndāvana

Govinda of lotus eyes

Enchanting unceasingly

Thousands of gopa girls,

Their own bumblebees eyes directed

Towards the lotus of his face,

Captivated by arrows of kāma,

Long eager for his embraces,

Bowed by the weight of their full, raised breasts

Shining with pearl necklaces [draped over them],

Their chignons and garments disheveled,

Their speech wavering with passion,

Adorned with quivering lips

Shining with the splendor

Of their rows of teeth,

And alluring [him] with various amorous movements

Filled with bhāva.”

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