svaṁ jñāpayad aparam api jñāpayati yat tad upalakṣaṇam |
(Unknown source; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 187)
“That which can convey itself and conveys something else is [called] an upalakṣaṇa.”
upa samīpe sṛjyate sambadhyate ity upasargaḥ |
(Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 406)
“That which is attached, that is, connected, near (upa), that is, adjacently, is [known as] an upasarga.”
vācya-liṅgā viśeṣya-liṅgādi-bhājaḥ |
(Amṛta-ṭīkā on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 303)
“Words with the gender of the substantive (vācya-liṅgāḥ) [i.e., adjectival words] are words that share the gender (liṅga) and so forth [i.e., the case and number as well in many cases] of the qualificand (viśeṣya).”
vākyaṁ padāny eva tu saṁhitāni |
(Sarva-saṁvādinī on Tattva Sandarbha: 11)
“A vākya (“sentence”) is just a combination of words.”
athākāṅkṣā-yogyatāsattimad-aneka-pada-viśiṣṭaikārthya- pratipādaka-śabda-rūpaṁ vākyam |
(Kṛṣṇa Sandarbha: 74)
“A vākya (“sentence”) is an expression containing numerous words endowed with expectancy (ākāṅkṣā), appropriacy (yogyatā), and continuity (āsatti) that conveys a singular meaning.”
vākyaṁ syād yogyatākāṅkṣāsatti-yuktaḥ padoccayaḥ |
(Sāhitya-darpaṇa)
“A vākya (“sentence”) is a group of words endowed with expectancy (ākāṅkṣā), appropriacy (yogyatā), and continuity (āsatti).”
kriyānvayāvacchinna-pada-samūho vākyam |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 74)
“A vākya (“sentence”) is a group of words characterized by connection to a [common] verb.”
yena tasya viśeṣaḥ kathyate, tad viśeṣaṇam |
(Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 305)
“That by which its [i.e., a viśeṣya’s] distinguishing feature (viśeṣa) is described is [called] a viśeṣaṇa (modifier).”
guṇādibhis tu yad bhedyaṁ tat viśeṣyam udāhṛtam |
(Vaiyākaraṇānām uktiḥ)
“That which is to be distinguished [i.e., determined, individuated] by a quality (guṇa) and forth [i.e., an action (kriyā) or class (jāti)] is called a viśeṣya (qualificand).”
jāti-guṇa-kriyā-dvārā yasya viśeṣaḥ kathyate, tad viśeṣyam |
(Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 305)
“That the distinguishing feature (viśeṣa) of which is described by means of a class (jāti), quality (guṇa), or action (kriyā) is [called] a viśeṣya (qualificand).”
