kartavyatvenopadeśo vidhiḥ
kartavyatvenopadeśo vidhiḥ |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 47)
“A vidhi is a compulsory instruction.”
paribhāṣeyam | sā cāniyame niyama-kāriṇī
paribhāṣeyam | sā cāniyame niyama-kāriṇī |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 44)
“That which makes a rule where there was no rule—this is a paribhāṣā (general rule).”
nāma-karaṇaṁ sañjñā
nāma-karaṇaṁ sañjñā |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 42)
“Sañjñā means assigning a name.”
uktānukta-duruktānāṁ cintā yatra pravartate
uktānukta-duruktānāṁ cintā yatra pravartate |
vākyaṁ tad vārttikaṁ prāhuḥ vārttika-jñā manīṣiṇaḥ ||
(Parāśara Purāṇa)
“Wise knowers of a vārttika say a vārttika (gloss) is a statement in which stated, unstated, and poorly stated thoughts [in a text] are brought forth.”
sañjñā ca paribhāṣā ca vidhir niyama eva ca
sañjñā ca paribhāṣā ca vidhir niyama eva ca |
atideśo’dhikāraś ca ṣaḍ-vidhaṁ sūtra-lakṣaṇam ||
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 42)
“The categories of sūtras are of six types: sañjñā, paribhāṣā, vidhi, niyama, atideśa, and adhikāra.”
alpākṣaram asandigdhaṁ sāra-vat viśvato-mukham
alpākṣaram asandigdhaṁ sāra-vat viśvato-mukham |
astobham anavadyaṁ ca sūtraṁ sūtra-vido viduḥ ||
(Vāyu Purāṇa; Skanda Purāṇa; Viṣṇu-dharmottara)
“Knowers of sūtras know a sūtra (aphorism) to be concise [i.e., of a minimum of letters], unambiguous, substantial [i.e., expressive of the essence of its subject-matter], comprehensive, without any pause [i.e., stoppages or insertions], and irreproachable [i.e., faultless].”
sargabandho mahākāvyam ucyate tasya lakṣaṇam
sargabandho mahākāvyam ucyate tasya lakṣaṇam |
āśīr namaskriyā vastu-nirdeśo vāpi tan-mukham ||
(Kāvyādarśa: 1.14)
“That [composition] which is constructed in sections is called a mahākāvya [‘epic poem’]. Its characteristic is that its opening is a blessing (āśīḥ), an offering of obeisance (namaskriyā), or [may also include] a specification of [its] subject-matter.”
sūtrārtho varṇyate yatra vākyaiḥ sutrānusāribhiḥ
sūtrārtho varṇyate yatra vākyaiḥ sutrānusāribhiḥ |
svapadāni ca varṇyante bhāṣyaṁ bhāṣya-vido viduḥ ||
(Abhiyuktokti)
“Knowers of a bhāṣya know a bhāṣya [i.e., a commentary] to be that in which the meaning of sūtras is explained with sentences that follow the sūtras and in which the sūtras’ own words are explained.”
padacchedaḥ padārthoktir vigraho vākyayojanā
padacchedaḥ padārthoktir vigraho vākyayojanā |
ākṣepasya samādhānaṁ vyākhyānaṁ pañca-lakṣaṇam ||
(Parāśara Purāṇa: 18.17–18)
“(1) Word division (padaccheda) [i.e., separation and restroration of each word in the text to its fundamental form prior to the application of sandhi and other rules of composition], (2) stating the meaning of words (padārtha-ukti) [i.e., offering contextually appropriate synonyms, paraphrases, definitions, examples, and so forth, typically for the sake clarification], (3) analysis [of compounds] (vigraha) [i.e., explaining the meaning of compound words, typically by explaining the roles, relationships, and meanings of the individual words contained inside a compound word], (4) sentence construction (vākya-yojanā, alt., anvaya) [i.e., re-ordering the words in the text according to the rules of conventional syntax, and (5) resolution of concerns (ākṣepasya samādhānam) [i.e., anticipating doubts, questions, objections, and so forth that readers may have about the text and fostering explanations to resolve them] are the five characteristics of a commentary (vyākhyāna).”
śāstrīya-bhāṣārthaḥ saṁskṛta-śabdaḥ
śāstrīya-bhāṣārthaḥ saṁskṛta-śabdaḥ, kārya-paryāyas tac-chabdaḥ, saṁskāra-śabdaś cāvyutpannaḥ |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 768)
“The word saṁskṛta (“Sanskrit”) in the sense of the language of the śāstra, this word [i.e., saṁskṛta] as a synonym of [the word] kārya [in the sense of an effect or product, such as when used to describe food as being “prepared” (saṁskṛta)], and the word saṁskāra [i.e., a purificatory rite or mental impression] are [all] underived (avyutpannaḥ).”