ardha-mātrā-lāghavena putrotsavaṁ manyante vaiyākaraṇāḥ |
(Paribhāṣendu-śekhara)
“Vaiyākaraṇas (grammarians) consider concision of [even] half a mātrā (metrical unit) to be like the festival for a [new-born] son [i.e., an occasion for great celebration; not a single phoneme in Pāṇini’s grammar is superfluous.].”
samasta-vyāpi sāmānyam, eka-deśa-vyāpī viśeṣaḥ; sāmānya-vidhir utsargo, viśeṣa-vidhir apavādaḥ iti sthite pūrva-parayoḥ para-vidhir balavān, nityānityayor nityaḥ, antaraṅga-bahiraṅgayor antaraṅgaḥ, utsargāpavādayor apavādaḥ | teṣu cottarottara iti |
(Paribhāṣendu-śekhara; cited in the Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāṛta-vyākaraṇa: 59)
“That which pervades [i.e. applies to] a whole [i.e., an entire group or class] is [called] sāmānya (“general”), and that which pervades [i.e. applies to] one section [of a group or class] is [called] viśeṣa (“specific”). A sāmānya-vidhi (“general injunction”) is [called] an utsarga (“general rule”), and a viśeṣa-vidhi (“specific injunction”) is [called] an apavāda (“exception,” a specific rule that restricts a general rule). With the aforementioned is established, (1) between an earlier and later [injunction], the later injunction is predominant; (2) between a nitya (“constant”) and anitya (“inconstant”) [injunction], the nitya [is predominant]; (3) between an antaraṅga (“internal”) and bahiraṅga (“external”) [injunction], the antaraṅga [is predominant]; and (4) between an utsarga, and an apavāda, the apavāda [is predominant]. Among these [four categories of injunctions], each later one [is predominant over the earlier ones].”
