bahutra prāptau saṅkocanaṁ niyamaḥ
bahutra prāptau saṅkocanaṁ niyamaḥ |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 242)
“A niyama is a restriction where a sūtra would apply in many places.”
Sūkti Sudhākara
anya-tulyatva-vidhānam atideśaḥ
anya-tulyatva-vidhānam atideśaḥ |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 54)
“An atideśa is treatment [of something] as being equal to another [thing].”
kartavyatvenopadeśo vidhiḥ
kartavyatvenopadeśo vidhiḥ |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 47)
“A vidhi is a compulsory instruction.”
paribhāṣeyam | sā cāniyame niyama-kāriṇī
paribhāṣeyam | sā cāniyame niyama-kāriṇī |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 44)
“That which makes a rule where there was no rule—this is a paribhāṣā (general rule).”
nāma-karaṇaṁ sañjñā
nāma-karaṇaṁ sañjñā |
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 42)
“Sañjñā means assigning a name.”
uktānukta-duruktānāṁ cintā yatra pravartate
uktānukta-duruktānāṁ cintā yatra pravartate |
vākyaṁ tad vārttikaṁ prāhuḥ vārttika-jñā manīṣiṇaḥ ||
(Parāśara Purāṇa)
“Wise knowers of a vārttika say a vārttika (gloss) is a statement in which stated, unstated, and poorly stated thoughts [in a text] are brought forth.”
sañjñā ca paribhāṣā ca vidhir niyama eva ca
sañjñā ca paribhāṣā ca vidhir niyama eva ca |
atideśo’dhikāraś ca ṣaḍ-vidhaṁ sūtra-lakṣaṇam ||
(Vṛtti on Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: 42)
“The categories of sūtras are of six types: sañjñā, paribhāṣā, vidhi, niyama, atideśa, and adhikāra.”
alpākṣaram asandigdhaṁ sāra-vat viśvato-mukham
alpākṣaram asandigdhaṁ sāra-vat viśvato-mukham |
astobham anavadyaṁ ca sūtraṁ sūtra-vido viduḥ ||
(Vāyu Purāṇa; Skanda Purāṇa; Viṣṇu-dharmottara)
“Knowers of sūtras know a sūtra (aphorism) to be concise [i.e., of a minimum of letters], unambiguous, substantial [i.e., expressive of the essence of its subject-matter], comprehensive, without any pause [i.e., stoppages or insertions], and irreproachable [i.e., faultless].”
sargabandho mahākāvyam ucyate tasya lakṣaṇam
sargabandho mahākāvyam ucyate tasya lakṣaṇam |
āśīr namaskriyā vastu-nirdeśo vāpi tan-mukham ||
(Kāvyādarśa: 1.14)
“That [composition] which is constructed in sections is called a mahākāvya [‘epic poem’]. Its characteristic is that its opening is a blessing (āśīḥ), an offering of obeisance (namaskriyā), or [may also include] a specification of [its] subject-matter.”
sūtrārtho varṇyate yatra vākyaiḥ sutrānusāribhiḥ
sūtrārtho varṇyate yatra vākyaiḥ sutrānusāribhiḥ |
svapadāni ca varṇyante bhāṣyaṁ bhāṣya-vido viduḥ ||
(Abhiyuktokti)
“Knowers of a bhāṣya know a bhāṣya [i.e., a commentary] to be that in which the meaning of sūtras is explained with sentences that follow the sūtras and in which the sūtras’ own words are explained.”