Gokula

patrāṇi tatra kamale kamalālayānām

patrāṇi tatra kamale kamalālayānām
aṁśena keli-vipināni bhavanti yeṣu |
cintāmaṇi-prakara-sadmasu kalpa-vṛkṣa-
lakṣāvṛteṣu nibhṛtaṁ ramate mukundaḥ ||
tatrādhirājyaṁ kila rādhikām anu
prattaṁ priyeṇeti purāṇa-viśrutam |
ahaṁ tu manye punaruktam eva tad
guṇena tasyāḥ sa ca yad vaśaṁ-gataḥ ||
(Gopāla-campū: 1.46 (20-21))

“The petals in the lotus there [i.e., in Gokula] are play-forests with parts (aṁśas) [i.e., specific manifestations] of they whose abodes are lotuses [i.e., of gopīs, who are here described as Lakṣmīs, that is, ‘they who have lotus abodes’] wherein Mukunda privately enjoys within dwelling places [made] of multitudes of thought-jewels enshrouded by lakhs of desire-trees. There, sovereignty has certainly been later granted to Rādhikā by her beloved [i.e., by Mukunda]. Such is well-known from the Purāṇas. I, however, consider that mere repetition [i.e., I consider it redundant] since he is already subjugated by her qualities.”

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tatrāpi gokule tasya mādhurī sarvato’dhikā

tatrāpi gokule tasya mādhurī sarvato’dhikā ||
caturdhā mādhurī tasya vraja eva virājate |
aiśvarya-krīḍayor veṇos tathā śrī-vigrahasya ca ||
tatra aiśvaryasya—
kutrāpy aśruta-pūrveṇa madhuraiśvarya-rāśinā |
sevyamāno haris tatra vihāraṁ kurute vraje ||
krīḍāyāḥ yathā pādme—
caritaṁ kṛṣṇa-devasya sarvam evādbhutaṁ bhavet |
gopāla-līlās tatrāpi sarvato’timanoharā ||
śrī-bṛhad-vāmane—
santi yadyapi me prājyā līlās tās tā manoharāḥ |
na hi jāne smṛte rāse mano me kīdṛśaṁ bhavet ||
veṇoḥ, yathā—
yāvatī nikhile loke nādānām asti mādhurī |
tāvatī vaṁśikā-nāda-paramāṇau nimajjati ||
cara-sthāvarayoḥ sāndra-paramānanda-magnayoḥ ||
bhaved dharma-viparyāso yasmin dhvanati mohane ||
mohanaḥ ko’pi mantro vā padārtho vādbhutaḥ paraḥ |
śruti-peyo’yam ity uktvā yatrāmuhyaś chivādayaḥ ||
cara-sthāvarayoḥ sāndra-paramānanda-magnayoḥ ||
bhaved dharma-viparyāso yasmin dhvanati mohane ||
śrī-vigrahasya, yathā—
asamānordhva-mādhurya-taraṅgāmṛta-vāridhiḥ |
jaṅgama-sthāvarollāsi-rūpo gopendra-nandanaḥ ||
yathā tantre—
kandarpa-koṭy-arbuda-rūpa-śobhā-
nīrājya-pādābja-nakhāñcalasya |
kutrāpy adṛṣṭa-śruta-ramya-kānter
dhyānaṁ paraṁ nanda-sutasya vakṣye ||
(Laghu-Bhāgavatāmṛta: 1.520, 526–526, 530–533, 538–539)

“Even therein [i.e., even in regard to the three abodes—Gokula, Mathurā, and Dvārakā], his [i.e., Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s] sweetness in Gokula is superior to all [i.e., to his sweetness in Mathurā and Dvārakā]. … Only in Vraja [i.e., Gokula] shines the fourfold sweetness of his power, play, flute, and beautiful figure. Regarding [his] power therein: ‘Being served by multitude of sweet powers unheard of before anywhere else, Hari sports there in Vraja.’ Regarding [his] play, as in Padma Purāṇa: ‘All of Kṛṣṇadeva’s activities can certainly be astonishing. Even among them, [however,] his līlās with the gopas and gopīs are the most charming of all [i.e., are more charming than his līlās as a king in Mathurā and Dvārakā].’ In Śrī Bṛhad Vāmana Purāna: ‘[Bhagavān:] Although I have many well-known charming līlās [e.g., the līlā of being tied around the belly by Yaśodā], when I remember the rāsa-līlā, I do not know what becomes of my mind.’ Regarding [his] flute, as follows: ‘All the sweetness of the sounds that exist throughout the entire world become engulfed in an atom of the sound of the flute. A reversal of the nature (dharma) of [all] mobile and stationary beings, who become absorbed in intense, paramount bliss, can occur when the enchanting flute resounds [i.e., mobile beings can become stationary, and stationary beings can become mobile].’ … Regarding [his] beautiful figure, as follows: ‘An ocean of nectar filled with waves of incomparable sweetness, the figure of the Son of the gopa’s king delights [all] mobile and stationary beings.’ As in the Tantra, ‘I will describe the supreme meditation on the Son of Nanda, the tips of the toenails of whose lotus feet are worthy of lustration by the beauty of the figures of crores and crores of Kandarpas [i.e., Kāmadevas], and whose pleasing luster is unseen and unheard of anywhere [else, i.e., including even in Mathurā and Dvārakā].’”

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māthuraṁ ca dvidhā prāhur gokulaṁ puram eva ca

māthuraṁ ca dvidhā prāhur gokulaṁ puram eva ca ||
yat tu goloka-nāma syāt tac ca gokula-vaibhavam |
sa goloko yathā brahma-saṁhitāyām iha śruteḥ ||
tad-ātma-vaibhavatvaṁ ca tasya tan-mahimonnateḥ ||
aho madhupurī dhanyā vaikuṇṭhāc ca garīyasī |
dinam ekaṁ nivāsena harau bhaktiḥ prajāyate ||
ayodhyā mathurā māyā kāśī kāñcī avantikā |
purī dvāravatī caiva saptaitā mokṣa-dāyikāḥ ||
evaṁ sapta-purīṇāṁ tu sarvotkṛṣṭaṁ tu māthuram |
śrūyatāṁ mahimā devi vaikuṇṭha-bhuvanottamaḥ ||
(Laghu Bhāgavatāmṛta: 1.497–498, 502–505)

“The abode of Mathurā is said to be twofold: [it consists of] Gokula and the city [i.e., the city named Mathurā]. That which can have the name Goloka is a manifestation of Gokula, since that Goloka is heard of as follows here in Brahma-saṁhitā [i.e., in BS 5.42, 56, 57, where it is also called Śvetadvīpa]. … Its [i.e., Goloka’s] being a self-expansion thereof [i.e., of Gokula] is because of the superiority of the greatness thereof [i.e., of Gokula], as [is stated] in the Pātāla-khaṇḍa [of Padma Purāṇa]: ‘Aho! Fortunate Madhupurī is greater than Vaikuṇṭha. Bhakti to Hari manifests by residing there for [even] one day. Ayodhyā, Mathurā, Māyā [i.e., Haridvāra], Kāśī, Kāñcī, Avantikā [i.e., Avantī, Ujjain], and Dvāravatī [i.e., Dvārakā]—these seven [cities] are bestowers of mokṣa. Among these seven cites, however, Māthura is the best of all. O Devī, hear of the greatness of this [abode] which is superior to the domain of Vaikuṇṭha [i.e., Goloka].”

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tad evaṁ rāgānugā sādhitā

tad evaṁ rāgānugā sādhitā | sā ca śrī-kṛṣṇa eva mukhyā ‘gopyaḥ kāmāt’ ity-ādinā tasminn eva darśitatvāt, daityānām api dveṣeṇāpi tasminn evāveśa-lābha-darśanāt, siddhi-prāpteś ca | nānyatra tu kutrāpy aṁśiny aṁśe vā | ata evoktam, ‘tasmāt kenāpy upāyena manaḥ kṛṣṇe niveśayet’ ity-ādi | atas tādṛśa-jhaṭity-āveśa-hetūpāsanā-lābhād eva svayam ekādaśe vaidhopāsanā svasmin noktā, kintv anyatra caturbhujākāra eva | tatra ca śuddhasya rāgasya śrī-gokula eva darśanāt, tatra tu rāgānugā mukhyatamā, yatra khalu svayaṁ bhagavān api teṣāṁ putrādi-bhāvenaiva vilasati … | tataś ca bhakta-kartṛka-bhojana-pāyana-snapana-vījanādi-lakṣaṇa-lālanecchāpi tasyākṛtrimaiva jāyate | … nānena caiśvaryasya hāniḥ tadānīm api tasyaiśvaryasyānyatra sphurad-rūpatvāt, bhaktecchā-mayatvasya ceśitari praśaṁsanīya-svabhāvatvād eva | yathā śrī-vrajeśvarī-baddha eva yamalārjuna-mokṣaṁ kṛtavān | tādṛśaiśvarye’pi tasmin śrī-vrajeśvarī-vaśyataiva śrī-śukadevena vanditā … | tasmād ye cādyāpi tadīya-rāgānugā-parās teṣām api śrī-vrajendra-nandanatvādi-mātra-dharmair upāsanā yuktā | yathā śrī-govardhanoddharaṇa-labdha-vismayān śrī-gopān praty uktaṁ svayaṁ bhagavataiva viṣṇu-purāṇe—yadi vo’sti mayi prītiḥ ślāghyo’haṁ bhavatāṁ yadi | tadātma-bandhu-sadṛśī buddhir vaḥ kriyatāṁ mayi || iti | … tathā—nāhaṁ devo na gandharvo na yakṣo na ca dānavaḥ | ahaṁ vo bāndhavo jāto nātaś cintyam ato’nyathā || iti | … ata eva jñānājñānayor anādareṇa kevala-rāgānugāyā evānuṣṭhitiḥ praśastā, ‘jñātvājñātvātha ye vai mām’ ity-ādinā | tasmāt śrī-gokula eva rāgātmikāyāḥ śuddhatvāt tad-anugā bhaktir eva mukhyatamā iti sādhv evoktam | tad evam anyatrāsambhavatayā rāgānugā-māhātmya-dṛṣṭyā pūrṇa-bhagavattā-dṛṣṭyā ca śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhajanasya māhātmyaṁ mahad eva siddham | tatrāpi śrī-gokula-līlātmakasya |
(Excerpt from Bhakti Sandarbha: 325)

“Thus, in this way, rāgānugā [-bhakti] has been established [as the abhidheya]. This [i.e., rāgānugā-bhakti], furthermore, is primarily towards Śrī Kṛṣṇa in particular [i.e., as opposed to other forms of Bhagavān] because of [its] being shown specifically in relation to him by gopyaḥ kāmāt … [i.e., by SB 7.1.30, as discussed in BKS 321], and because of observation of even the daityas’ [i.e., asuras’] attainment of absorption in him in particular and achievement of perfection (siddhi) even through hatred [towards him in particular]. This does not occur in relation to any other whole (aṁśī) [i.e., any other complete manifestation of Bhagavān] or part (aṁśa) [i.e., partial manifestation of Bhagavān] anywhere. Therefore, it was said [in SB 7.1.31], ’One may absorb the mind in Kṛṣṇa by some particular means [i.e., SB 7.1.31 speaks of Kṛṣṇa specifically, and not of Bhagavān in general or of another of his forms].’
“Thus, because of the benefit of such worship (upāsanā) that is a cause of quick absorption [in Kṛṣṇa, as described in SB 7.1.25–31, i.e., because the process of rāgānugā-bhakti in relation to Bhagavān Śrī Kṛṣṇa, based on Śrī Nārada’s teachings in SB 7.1.25–31, is a cause of quick absorption in him], worship (upāsanā) enjoined by rule [i.e., vaidhī-bhakti, which is not a cause of quick absorption in Kṛṣṇa as rāgānugā-bhakti is] was not spoken of by he himself [i.e., by Śrī Kṛṣṇa] in the Eleventh Canto [of Śrīmad Bhāgavatam] in relation to himself [i.e., in relation to his human-like two-armed form of Śrī Kṛṣṇa], but only in relation to his distinct, four-armed figure. Furthermore, because of observation of pure rāga in relation to him [i.e., Śrī Kṛṣṇa, to be existent] only in Śrī Gokula, rāgānugā [-bhakti] there [i.e., in Śrī Gokula] where even Svayaṁ Bhagavān [himself] sports with the bhāva of [being] their [i.e., the residents of Gokula’s] son and so forth, is certainly the foremost of all [i.e., of all types of sādhana]. … Thus also, he even has entirely genuine [i.e., non-artificial] desire for the caring offered [to him] by bhaktas in the form of feeding, presenting drinks, bathing, fanning, and so forth. … Also, by this [i.e., by his adopting the bhāva of being the son and so forth of residents of Gokula], it is not that a loss of [his] aiśvarya [i.e., supreme capability] occurs because of his aiśvarya having a manifest form elsewhere [i.e., because his aiśvarya remains manifest in his other forms, activities, and abodes] even then [i.e., at the same time], and because of [his] being pursuant of the will of bhaktas being a praiseworthy disposition in a master (īśitṛ) [alt., in he who is the Supreme Master]. For example, even while bound by Śrī Vrajeśvarī [i.e., Mother Yaśodā], he liberated the Yamalārjunas [i.e., Maṇigrīva and Nalakūvera]. Even when he had [and showed] such capability [to liberate them], [however,] only his captivation by Śrī Vrajeśvarī was praised by Śrī Śukadeva [because this is even more praiseworthy than his liberating the Yamalārjunas]. … Therefore, even for those who even today are devoted to following a rāga related to him [i.e., to following the path of rāgānugā-bhakti], worship (upāsanā) in accord with his characteristics specifically of being the son of the king of Vraja [i.e., the characteristics he manifests in Śrī Gokula] is apt. For example, there is a statement in Viṣṇu Purāṇa by Svayaṁ Bhagavān himself to the beautiful gopas who had become amazed by his lifting of Śrī Govardhana: ‘If you all have love (prīti) for me, and if you all [also] consider I am praiseworthy [i.e., a worthy object of reverence], then you all should [give up your awe and reverence of me and] foster the attitude in regard me that I am like the kinsmen (bandhu) of your very self (ātmā) [i.e., that I am one of your fellow cowherds, alt., that I am like the dear friend (bandhu) of your heart (ātmā)]. I am neither a deva, nor a gandharva, nor a yakṣa, nor a dānava. I have been born as your kinsmen (bāndhava—bandhu), and thus from now on I am not to be thought of otherwise [i.e., as anyone other than one of your fellow cowherds and kinsmen; I should not be thought of as any sort of devatā].’ … Therefore, performance solely pure rāgānugā [-bhakti] without regard for understanding (jñāna) or non-understanding (ajñāna) [of Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s aiśvarya] is best, as per [SB 11.11.33, wherein Śrī Kṛṣṇa himself instructs], ‘Having understood, or not having understood, me as far as I am, for who I am, and of what nature I am, those who worship me with a one-pointed (ananya) bhāva are considered by me the best of bhaktas.’
“Therefore, because of the purity of rāgātmikā [-bhakti] only in Śrī Gokula [i.e., because rāgātmikā-bhakti is most pure, that is, free from awareness of Kṛṣṇa’s aiśvarya, only in Śrī Gokula, that is, Vraja, in contrast to Mathurā, Dvārakā, Vaikuṇṭha, and elsewhere, on account of the bhāvas of rāgātmikā-bhaktas in Gokula, and not elsewhere, having no taint of the predominance of awareness of Kṛṣṇa’s aiśvarya], it was indeed rightly said that bhakti that follows that [i.e., the bhakti that follows the rāgātmikā-bhakti existent specifically in Śrī Gokula] is preeminent [i.e., is the foremost of all forms of sādhana-bhakti]. Thus, in this way, on account of impossibility elsewhere [i.e., the impossibility of pure rāgānugā-bhakti in relation to forms of Bhagavān other than Śrī Kṛṣṇa], and by means of recognition of the greatness of rāgānugā [-bhakti in comparison to vaidhī-bhakti and all other forms of sādhana] and recognition of complete Bhagavattā [i.e., the full nature of being Bhagavān, which is existent specifically in Śrī Kṛṣṇa, he who is Svayaṁ Bhagavān, and not in any other form of Bhagavān], it is established that the greatness of the worship (bhajana) of Śrī Kṛṣṇa, and therein especially, [the worship] of he possessed of līlā in Śrī Gokula [i.e., the worship of Śrī Kṛṣṇa manifest in Śrī Gokula specifically and not elsewhere] is the greatest [i.e., worship of Śrī Kṛṣṇa is greater than worship of any other form of Bhagavān, rāgānugā-bhakti worship of Śrī Kṛṣṇa is greater than any other form of worship of Śrī Kṛṣṇa, rāgānugā-bhakti worship of Śrī Kṛṣṇa in Śrī Gokula in greater than any other form of rāgānugā-bhakti worship of Śrī Kṛṣṇa elsewhere].”

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vikrīḍitaṁ vraja-vadhūbhir idaṁ ca viṣṇoḥ

vikrīḍitaṁ vraja-vadhūbhir idaṁ ca viṣṇoḥ
śraddhānvito’nuśṛṇuyād atha varṇayed yaḥ |
bhaktiṁ parāṁ bhagavati pratilabhya kāmaṁ
hṛd-rogam āśv apahinoty acireṇa dhīraḥ ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 10.33.39)

“One endowed with śraddhā who shall hear about or describe this extraordinary play and so forth with the ladies of Vraja attains superlative bhakti to Bhagavān, quickly casts off the heart disease of kāma, and without delay becomes steadfast.”

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