Sādhana-bhakti

astācalaṁ cumbati bhānu-bimbe

astācalaṁ cumbati bhānu-bimbe
gṛhe gṛhe gokula-sundarīṇām |
divyānulepābharaṇāmbarāṇi
kṛṣṇāhriyante paritaḥ sakhībhiḥ ||
(Alaṅkāra-kaustubha: 8.101)

“O Kṛṣṇa,
When the orb of the sun
Kisses the western horizon,
In house after house
The splendid unguents, ornaments, and garments
Of the beauties of Gokula
Are brought from all sides by [their] friends
[So that these beauties can be well-dressed when they meet Kṛṣṇa as he re-enters the village in the early evening from his day of cow-herding out in the forest].”

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sthānaṁ gopī-gaṇa-kuca-taṭī-kuṅkuma-śrī-bharārdra

sthānaṁ gopī-gaṇa-kuca-taṭī-kuṅkuma-śrī-bharārdra-
śrīmat-padāmbuja-yuga-sadā-prīti-saṅga-prādāyi |
jijñāsos te janani kathito’śeṣa-sandeha-ghāṭī
goloko’yaṁ madhura-gahana-praśna-bhāvānusārāt ||
vaikuṇṭhasyāpy upari nitarāṁ rājate yo nitānta-
śrīmad-gopī-ramaṇa-caraṇa-prema-pūraika-labhyaḥ |
vāñchā-vāñchopari-guru-phala-prāpti-bhūmir yadīyā
lokā dhyātā dadhati paramāṁ prema-sampatti-niṣṭhām ||
(Bṛhad Bhāgavatāmṛta: 2.7.77–78)

“O Mother,
In accord with the sweet and deep mood (bhāva)
Of the inquiry of you who are desirous to know
The place which is a bestower
Of eternal loving connection
With the two blessed lotus feet [of Śrī Kṛṣṇa]
Moistened by a beautiful mass of kumkum
From the slopes of the gopīs’ breasts,
And which is a destroyer of all doubts,
This [place, known as] Goloka—
Which shines profoundly beyond even Vaikuṇṭha,
Which is attainable
Only by means of an extraordinary abundance of prema
For the feet of blessed gopīs’ Beloved,
Which is the land of the attainment
Of the great aim
Of our desires and [that is] beyond our desires,
And the people belonging to which,
As they are meditated upon,
Grant paramount fixity in the wealth of prema—
Has been described [by me to you].”

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eṣa ca sthāyī sākṣād-upabhogātmakas tad-anumodanātmakaś ceti dvividhaḥ

eṣa ca sthāyī sākṣād-upabhogātmakas tad-anumodanātmakaś ceti dvividhaḥ | pūrvaḥ sākṣān nāyikānām, uttaraḥ sakhīnām | ubhaya-vyapadeśānām ubhāv api | tatropabhogātmakaḥ sa sāmānyato yathā—‘kṛṣṇaṁ nirīkṣya vanitotsava-rūpa-śīlam’ iti | spaṣṭam | sa eva punaḥ sambhogecchā-nidānaḥ sairindhry-ādau, yathā ‘sahoṣyatām iha preṣṭha’ ity ādi | spaṣṭam | kvacid bhedita-sambhogecchaḥ paṭṭa-mahiṣīṣu, yathā—‘smāyāvaloka-lava-darśita’ ity ādiṣu | svarūpābhinna-sambhogecchaḥ śrī-vraja-devīṣu, yathā—‘yat te sujāta-caraṇāmbu-ruhaṁ’ ity ādiṣu | āsāṁ caiṣa svābhāvika eva | ata eva sva-parityāga-jāterṣayā doṣaṁ kalpayitvāpi tat-parityāgāsāmarthyoktiḥ yathā ‘mṛgayur iva kapīndram’ ity ādau, ‘dustyajas tat-kathārthaḥ’ iti | eṣa cāsu bahu-bhedo vartate | ekatra bhāve khalu mithunasya mitha ādara-viśeṣaḥ | tatra preyasīnāṁ tvadīyatvābhimānātiśayena kāntaṁ prati pāratantrya-vinaya-stuti-dākṣiṇya-prācuryam | anyatra madīyatvātiśayaḥ, yatra paratantra-kāntatayāntar-marmajñatā-narma-kauṭilyābhāsa-prācuryam | etad yugalasya ca bhedasya bahv-aṁśa-svalpāṁśa-tat-sāṅkarya-bhedenāparāsu ca bahu-vidham iti |
(Prīti Sandarbha: 365–367)
“This sthāyī [-bhāva], furthermore, is of two types: that of the nature of direct enjoyment [with the Beloved] (sākṣad-upabhogātmaka) and that of the nature of sympathetic delight therewith [i.e., that which delights in the direct enjoyment of another with the Beloved] (tad-anumodātmaka). The former [type of kāntā-bhāva] is that of the direct nāyikās [i.e., those who engage in enjoyment directly with the Beloved], and the latter [type of kāntā-bhāva] is that of sakhīs [i.e., the friends of a particular nāyikā]. Those of both designations also have both [i.e., those who are possessed of kānta-bhāva of both types are recognized to be both direct nāyikās and sakhīs]. In this regard, that [type] which is of the nature of [direct] enjoyment (upabhogātmaka) is in general as [described] in [SB 10.21.12], ‘Beholding Kṛṣṇa, he whose figure and character are a festival for women, and hearing the wondrous flute songs played by him, the devīs [i.e., the wives of the devas] traveling [above] in airplanes became dispossessed of composure by Smara [i.e., Kāma] and bewildered as the flowers fell from their braids and their waistbands came loose.’ [The meaning is] Clear. ||365||
“In the case of Sairindhrī [i.e., Kubjā] and others, that itself [i.e., the type of kānta-bhāva that is of the nature of direct enjoyment (sākṣād-upabhogātmaka)], furthermore, is that the prime cause of which is desire for union (sambhoga), as [described in SB 10.48.9], ‘O Beloved, please stay here for some days with me and enjoy. I cannot bear to give up your company, O Lotus-eyed One!’ [The meaning is] Clear. ||366||
“In the case of the city queens [in Dvārakā], [kānta-bhāva that is of the nature of direct enjoyment (sākṣād-upabhogātmaka) is] sometimes that within which desire for union (sambhoga) is separated, as [described] in [SB 10.61.4], ‘These sixteen thousand wives, however, were unable to agitate whose sense [i.e., Kṛṣṇa’s mind] by means of Anaṅga’s [i.e., Kāma’s] arrows highly proficient in romance mantras shot from the captivating arches of the eyebrows with their intent (bhāva) shown by momentary, mildly smiling glances.’
“In the case of the blessed devīs of Vraja, [kānta-bhāva that is of the nature of direct enjoyment (sākṣād-upabhogātmaka) is] that within which the desire for union is non-different from its essential nature, as [is described] in [SB 10.31.19], ‘O Beloved! Fearful, we gently hold your tender lotus feet on our hard breasts. You roam with them throughout the forest. Have they not been cut by pebbles and so forth? Our hearts tremble. You are our very life.’ For them [i.e., the Vraja-devīs], furthermore, this [type of kānta-bhāva] is verily natural. Thus, there is an expression [by them to Uddhava in SB 10.47.17 of their] of inability in regard to leaving him [viz., Kṛṣṇa] even after ascribing fault [to him] out of spite arising from [his] leaving themselves [when he went to Mathurā]: ‘Therefore, enough with the the friendly relations of this black fellow who [as Rāma], being covetous, like a hunter shot the king of the monkeys [viz., Vālī], [who also as Rāma], being influenced by a woman [viz., Sītā], disfigured a woman whose drive was lust [viz., Śūrpaṇakhā], and [who as Vāmana], after taking an offering (balim) [from Bali], like a crow cast down even Bali [himself]. The wealth of discussion of him [however] is difficult to give up.’
“This [i.e., kānta-bhāva that is of the nature of direct enjoyment (sākṣād-upabhogātmaka)], furthermore, is of many varieties in them [i.e., in the Vraja-devīs]. In one [such] bhāva, the couple [i.e., Śrī Kṛṣṇa and the nāyikā endowed with such bhāva] has a special form of mutual adoration. Therein, the lovers have an abundance of obedience, demureness, laudation, and courtesy in regard to the beloved on account of a predominance of a sense of self (abhimāna) of ‘being yours’ (tvadīyatva) [in regard to the beloved]. Elsewhere [i.e., in another type of kānta-bhāva that is of the nature of direct enjoyment (sākṣād-upabhogātmaka)], there is a predominance [in the lover] of [a sense of self (abhimāna) of] ‘being mine’ (madīyatva) [in regard to the beloved, i.e., the nāyika has the sense that Śrī Kṛṣṇa belongs to her] wherein there is an abundance of awareness of [the] inner intent [of the beloved], joking, and the semblance of crookedness on account of the beloved’s being obedient [to the lover]. There are also many [sub-] types of this pair of varieties [of bhāvas, viz., those of ‘being yours’ (tvadīyatva) and ‘being mine’ (madīyatva)] in others in accord with variation in the mixture of these [two types of kānta-bhāva, viz., again those of ‘being yours’ (tvadīyatva) and ‘being mine’ (madīyatva)] in [respective] greater proportion or lesser proportion.”

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aho golokīyair nikhila-bhuvana-vāsi-mahitaiḥ

aho golokīyair nikhila-bhuvana-vāsi-mahitaiḥ
sadā tais tair lokaiḥ samanubhavanīyasya mahataḥ |
padārthasyākhyātuṁ kati vivaraṇāni prabhur ahaṁ
tad āstaṁ tal-lokākhila-parikarebhyo mama namaḥ ||
(Bṛhad Bhāgavatāmṛta: 2.6.380)

“Aho!
How many descriptions can I articulate
Of that paramount object
Eternally experienceable in full
By those people of Goloka
[Who are] Honored by the residents of all the worlds?
Thus,
Let my obeisance be [offered]
Unto all the companions [of Śrī Kṛṣṇa] in that plane [of Goloka].”

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bhakti vinu kṛṣṇe kabhu nahe premodaya

bhakti vinu kṛṣṇe kabhu nahe premodaya |
prema vinu kṛṣṇa-prāpti anya haite naya ||
(Caitanya-caritāmṛta: 3.4.58)

“Without bhakti [i.e., sādhana-bhakti], a manifestation of prema for Kṛṣṇa never occurs, and without prema, attainment of Kṛṣṇa does not occur by means of anything else [i.e., prema is the only means of attaining Kṛṣṇa].”

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sā kāmarūpā sambhoga-tṛṣṇāṁ yā nayati svatām

sā kāmarūpā sambhoga-tṛṣṇāṁ yā nayati svatām |
yad asyāṁ kṛṣṇa-saukhyārtham eva kevalam udyamaḥ ||
(Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu: 1.2.283)

“That [bhakti] which draws desire for complete enjoyment [i.e., amorous union] (sambhoga) into its own self is [known as] kāma-rūpā [-rāgātmikā-bhakti] since within it is only endeavor exclusively for the sake of Kṛṣṇa’s happiness.”

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cira-kāla nāhi kari prema-bhakti-dāna

cira-kāla nāhi kari prema-bhakti-dāna |
bhakti vinā jagatera nāhi avasthāna ||14||
sakala jagate more kare vidhi-bhakti |
vidhi-bhaktye vraja-bhāva pāite nāhi śakti ||15||
aiśvarya-jñānete saba jagat miśrita |
aiśvarya-śikhila-preme nāhi mora prīta ||16||
aiśvarya-jñāne vidhi-bhajana kariyā |
vaikuṇṭhete yāya catur-vidha mukti pāyyā ||17||
sārṣṭi, sārūpya, āra sāmīpya, sālokya | …
āpani kariba bhakta-bhāva aṅgīkāre |
āpani ācari bhakti śikhāimu sabhāre ||20||
āpani nā kaile dharma śikhāna nā yāya |
ei ta siddhānta gītā-bhāgavate gāya |21|| …
yuga-dharma-pravartana haya aṁśa haite |
āmā vinā anye nāre vraja-prema dite ||26||
santv avatārā bahavaḥ paṅkaja-nābhasya sarvvato-bhadrāḥ |
kṛṣṇād anyaḥ ko vā latāsv api premado bhavati ||27||
tāhāte āpana bhakta-gaṇa kari saṅge |
pṛthivīte avatari karimu nānā raṅge ||28||
eta bhāvi kali-kāle prathama sandhyāya |
avatīrṇa hailā kṛṣṇa āpani nadīyāya ||29||
(Caitanya-caritāmṛta: 1.3.14–18, 20–21, 26–29)

“[After his descent (avatāra) at the end of the Dvāpāra-yuga, Śrī Kṛṣṇa mused:] ‘For a long time, I have not bestowed the gift of prema-bhakti [upon the world], and without bhakti the world has no stability. The whole world engages in injunction-based (vidhi) bhakti to me. There is no power in injunction-based bhakti [however] to attain Vraja-bhāva. The whole world is mixed with awareness of [my] aiśvarya (masterdom). My satisfaction does not come about [however] through prema slackened by [awareness of my] aiśvarya. By performing injunction based worship with awareness of [my] aiśvarya, people go to Vaikuṇṭha upon attaining [one or more of] the four types of mukti: sārṣṭi [i.e., possessing opulence akin to mine], sārūpya [i.e., possessing a form akin to mine], sāmīpya [i.e., dwelling in my personal company], and sālokya [i.e., dwelling in my domain]. … [Therefore,] I will personally accept the bhāva of a bhakta, and I will teach everyone bhakti by practicing it personally. Dharma cannot be taught if one does not follow it personally. This is the conclusion sung in the Gītā and Bhāgavatam [see, e.g., BG 4.7–8, 3.24, 3.21]. … Propagation of the dharma for the age can be done by an aṁśa [i.e., a partial manifestation of myself]. No one other than I [however] can bestow Vraja-prema [since it is said], “There may be many all-auspicious avatāras of he of lotus-navel [i.e. Bhagavān], but who other than Kṛṣṇa is the bestower of prema upon even creepers?” Thus, I will personally descend to the earth with my bhaktas and engage in various merriments.’ Musing thus, Kṛṣṇa personally descended in Nadia during the first phase of the Age of Kali.”

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sa vai nivṛtti-dharmeṇa vāsudevānukampayā

sa vai nivṛtti-dharmeṇa vāsudevānukampayā |
bhagavad-bhakti-yogena tirodhatte śanair iha ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 3.7.12)

“By the favor of Vāsudeva—[that is, by] the practice of bhakti to Bhagavān accompanied by observance of desistance (nivṛtti-dharma)—that [i.e., the nature of the non-self, meaning, identification with the adjuncts of māyā, delusion, etc.] indeed gradually disappears here [i.e., in this world].”

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kṛṣṇa-bhakti-sudhā-pānād deha-daihika-vismṛteḥ

kṛṣṇa-bhakti-sudhā-pānād deha-daihika-vismṛteḥ |
teṣāṁ bhautika-dehe’pi sac-cid-ānanda-rūpatā ||
(Bṛhad Bhāgavatāmṛta: 1.3.61)

“On account of non-remembrance of the body and the bodily as a result of drinking the nectar of bhakti to Kṛṣṇa, their having a form [constituted] of eternal being, consciousness, and bliss can come about even [when they are] in a body [made] of the [material] elements.”

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