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- Read on →: prayogāḥ pañca-vidhāḥ sakarmako’karmakaḥ karmaṇi bhāve dvikarmakaś ceti bhedāt
prayogāḥ pañca-vidhāḥ sakarmako’karmakaḥ karmaṇi bhāve dvikarmakaś ceti bhedāt |
(Samāsa-cakra)“Usages are of five types as per the following division: (1) transitive, (2) intransive, (3) objective, (4) stative, and (5) ditransitive.”
- Read on →: kartṛ-karma-kriyā-yuktaḥ prayogaḥ syāt sakarmakaḥ
kartṛ-karma-kriyā-yuktaḥ prayogaḥ syāt sakarmakaḥ |
akarmakaḥ karma-śūnyaḥ karma-dvandvo dvikarmaḥ ||
(Samāsa-cakra)“Usage (prayoga) [i.e., a syntactic pattern of words] containing an agent (kartṛ), object (karma), and verb (kriyā) should be [called] transitive (sakarmaka). An intransitive (akarmaka) one has no object. One in which there are two objects is [called] ditransitive (dvikarmaka).”
- Read on →: viśeṣaṇaṁ puraskṛtya viśeṣyaṁ tad-anantaram
viśeṣaṇaṁ puraskṛtya viśeṣyaṁ tad-anantaram |
kartṛ-karma-kriyā-yuktam etad anvaya-laksanam ||
(Samāsa-cakram: 10)“The agent (kartṛ), object (karma), and verb (kriyā) [so] ordered, placing modifiers first and qualificands thereafter—this is the characteristic of word order (anvaya).”
- Read on →: ādau kartṛ-padaṁ vācyaṁ dvitīyādi-padaṁ tataḥ
ādau kartṛ-padaṁ vācyaṁ dvitīyādi-padaṁ tataḥ |
ktvā-tumun-lyap ca madhye tu kuryād ante kriyā-padam ||
(Samāsa-cakram: 4)“First, state the word for the agent (kartṛ-padam), then words in the second case and so forth [i.e., the object, etc.], [thereafter] in the middle words containing the ktvā, tumun, and lyap suffixes [i.e., all non-finite, indeclinable verbal forms], and at the end the word for the verb (kriyā-padam).”
- Read on →: yasmin yato yarhi yena ca yasya yasmād
yasmin yato yarhi yena ca yasya yasmād
yasmai yathā yad uta yas tv aparaḥ paro vā |
bhāvaḥ karoti vikaroti pṛthak svabhāvaḥ
sañcoditas tad akhilaṁ bhavataḥ svarūpam ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 7.9.20; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā to Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: Kāraka-prakaraṇa, Maṅgalācaraṇa)“That in which, because of which, at which [time], by which, of which, from which, for which, with which [manner], and even which a latter or former entity of distinct nature [from you] who is impelled [by you] creates or transforms is all your nature.”
- Read on →: yatra yena yato yasya yasmai yad yad yathā yadā
yatra yena yato yasya yasmai yad yad yathā yadā |
syād idaṁ bhagavān sākṣāt pradhāna-puruṣeśvaraḥ ||
(Śrīmad Bhāgavatam: 10.85.4; cited in the Amṛta-ṭīkā to Hari-nāmāmṛta-vyākaraṇa: Kāraka-prakaraṇa, Maṅgalācaraṇa)“In which, by which, from which, of which, for which, with which, and when whatever may be—this is [all simply] Bhagavān himself [i.e., everything in the world is an expression of Bhagavān], the Īśvara of pradhāna and the Puruṣa.”